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1995年同等学力外国语水平考试真题-同等学历考试 |
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作者：佚名 资料来源：在职教育交流中心 点击数： 更新时间：2007-5-25 |
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Part II Vocabulary(10 minutes,10 points)
Directions:In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
He was _____ enough to understand my questions from the gestures I made.
A.intelligent
B.efficient
C.proficient
D.diligent
Does it _____ to let little children play with fireworks?
A.make clear
B.make sure
C.make out
D.make sense
All parts of this sewing machine are _____ so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.
A.mechanized
B.minimized
C.modernized
D.standardized
Have you a funny _____ or unusual experience that you would like to share?
A.amusement
B.incident
C.accident
D.section
As a salesman,he works on a(n) _____ basis,taking 10% of everything he sells.
A.income
B.commission
C.salary
D.pension
Cut off by the storm,they were forced to _____ food for several days.
A.go in for
B.go over
C.go without
D.go out
China Daily never loses sight of the fact that each day all of us _____ a tough,challenging world.
A.encounter
B.acquaint
C.preside
D.confront
While shopping in a department store,I _____ left my purse lying on a counter of handbags.
A.initially
B.fortunately
C.frustratedly
D.accidentally
He pointed out that the living standard of urban and _____ people continued to improve.
A.remote
B.municipal
C.rural
D.provincial
Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except _____ ?
A.ingredients
B.elements
C.components
D.compounds
_____ the impact of the ideas introduced to Europe by soldiers returning from the East,the West was greatly changed.
A.Because of
B.By means of
C.In addition to
D.In spite of
For the past two years,Audi cars have _____ Germany's Touring Car Championship.
A.dominated
B.conquered
C.determined
D.contested
If you push hard on the world,the world will push back on you;if you touch the world gently,the world will touch you gently _____ .
A.in return
B.in the long run
C.in turn
D.in place
Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine,Hawking chose to _____ on math and theoretical physics.
A.impose
B.center
C.overwork
D.concentrate
The concerns with the origins of the earth _____ their study.
A.motivated
B.advised
C.excited
D.impulsed
The cashier was asked to _____ every penny of the money that he took care of.
A.account to
B.use up
C.amount to
D.account for
By the end of 1994,558 kinds of products had been _____ green food.
A.named
B.restricted
C.classified
D.labeled
At a press conference after the award ceremony,the 18year-old girl spoke in a barely _____ voice.
A.audible
B.optional
C.legible
D.identical
A neat letter improves your chances of a favorable _____ .
A.circumstance
B.request
C.reception
D.response
Our readers are comfortable with our clear,_____ words that inform and entertain them.
A.conventional
B.concise
C.creative
D.crucial
Part III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes,30 points)
Directions:There are 6 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Questions 36～40 are based on the following passage.
“High tech” and “state of the art”are two expressions that describe very modern technology.High tech is just a shorter way of saying high technology.And high technology describes any invention,system or device that uses the newest ideas or discoveries of science and engineering.
What is high tech?A computer is high tech.So is a communications satellite.A modern manufacturing system is surely high tech.
High tech became a popular expression in the United States during the early 1980's.Because of improvements in technology,people could buy many new kinds of products in American stores,such as home computers,microwave ovens,etc..
“State of the art”is something that is as modern as possible.It is a product that is based on the very latest methods and technology.Something that is “state of the art” is the newest possible design or product of a business or industry.A state of the art television set,for example,uses the most modern electronic design and parts.It is the best that one can buy.
“State of the art” is not a new expression.Engineers have used it for years,to describe the best and most modern way of doing something.
Millions of Americans began to use the expression in the late 1970's. The reason was the computer revolution.Every computer company claimed that its computers were “state of the art.”
Computer technology changed so fast that a state of the art computer today might be old tomorrow. The expression “state of the art” became as common and popular as computers themselves. Now all kinds of products are said to be “state of the art.”
What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell how “high tech” and “state of the art” have developed.
B.To give examples of high tech.
C.To tell what “high tech”and “state of the art”are.
D.To describe very modern technology.
What can we infer from the passage?
A.American stores could provide new kinds of products to the people.
B.High tech describes a technology that is not traditional.
C.“State of the art” is not as popular as “high tech”.
D.A wooden plough pulled by oxen is “state of the art”.
All the following examples are high tech EXCEPT _____ .
A.a microwave oven
B.a home computer
C.a hand pump
D.a satellite
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Since the computer revolution,the expression “state of the art” has become popular.
B.“State of the art” means something that is the best one can buy.
C.With the rapid development of computer technology,a state of the art computer may easily become out of date.
D.All kinds of products are “state of the art” nowadays.
The best title for the passage is _____ .
A.Computer Technology
B.High Tech and State of the Art
C.Most Advanced Technology
D.Two New Expressions
Questions 41～45 are based on the following passage.
In the Arctic Circle,it is not that Eskimos lack ability or industry, but the surroundings restrict constructive effort to the barest necessities of existence.This effectually retards progress to higher development.
Agriculture is impossible all along the thousands of miles of the north shore.The only wood is such as drifts in.Other than this driftwood,the only available building materials are snow,ice,stone,and bones of animals.All of these have been used for habitations and storage places,differing in various tribes according to the requirements and skill of the workers.
The lack of necessary timbers to build walls and span wide spaces is probably one reason why these tribes construct their houses at least partly beneath the surface of the ground.This device also makes the houses more impervious(不能渗透的)to the cold.
Most of us are inclined to think that the Eskimo lives always in an igloo or snow house.This is not entirely true.After the long cold winter, the family is very likely to move,when the weather permits,into a tent of sealskin.The actual construction of such a tent is similar to that used by other,more southerly tribes and will be described later.
The snow house,however,is an interesting and unique habitation.Our summer campers will not build with snow,but the delicate art is worth recording and some of our winter camps in the mountains might try to make snow houses.
Eskimos' efforts to build houses _____ .
A.result in various buildings
B.are limited by a hostile environment
C.are restricted by their ability
D.retard progress to higher development
Which of the following about the construction of houses is true?
A.Building materials differ from tribe to tribe.
B.Building materials are the same for all the houses.
C.Building materials are selected according to weather.
D.Building materials are decided by skilled workers.
Why do Eskimos build their houses partly under the ground?
A.They like to live under the ground.
B.They are short of essential materials for walls and roofs.
C.They want their houses less affected by the cold.
D.Both B and C.
In the long winter,Eskimos commonly live in _____ .
A.a snow house
B.a stone house
C.a storage place
D.a tent of sealskin
What does the author think of snow houses?
A.Interesting.
B.Artistic.
C.Unique.
D.All of the above.
Questions 46～50 are based on the following passage.
If Europeans thought a drought was something that happened only in Africa,they know better now.After four years of belownormal rainfall (in some cases only 10 percent of the annual average),vast areas of France, Spain,Portugal,Belgium,Britain and Ireland are dry and barren.Water is so low in the canals of northern France that waterway traffic is forbidden except on weekends.Oyster growers in Brittany report a 30 percent drop in production because of the loss of fresh water in local rivers necessary for oyster breeding.In southeastern England,the rolling green hills of Kent have turned so brown that officials have been weighing plans to pipe in water from Wales.In Portugal,farmers in the southern Alentejo region have held prayer meetings for rain——so far,in vain.
Governments in droughtplagued countries are taking drastic measures. Authorities in hardhit areas of France have banned washing cars and watering lawns.In Britain,water will soon be metered,like gas and electricity.“The English have always taken water for granted,” says Graham Warren,a spokesman of Britain's National Rivers Authority.“Now they're putting a price on it. ”Even a sudden end to the drought would not end the misery in some areas.It will take several years of unusually heavy winter rain,the experts say,just to bring existing water reserves up to their normal levels.
What does the author mean by saying “they know better now”?
A.They know more about the causes of the drought.
B.They have a better understanding of the drought in Africa.
C.They have realized that the drought in Europe is the most serious one.
D.They have realized that droughts hit not only Africa but also Europe.
The drought in Europe has brought about all the following problems EXCEPT _____ .
A.belownormal rainfall
B.difficult navigation
C.a sharp drop in oyster harvest
D.bonedry hills
The British government intends to _____ .
A.forbid the carwashing service
B.increase the price of the water used
C.end the misery caused by the drought
D.charge fees for the use of water
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Germany is the only country free from the drought.
B.Water reserves are at their lowest level in years due to the drought.
C.The drought is more serious in Britain than in France.
D.Europe will not have heavy rain until several years later.
Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?
A.Europe in Misery
B.Drought Attacks Europe
C.Be Economical with Water
D.Europe,a Wouldbe Africa
Questions 51～55 are based on the following passage.
In some ways the employment interview is like a persuasive speech because the applicant (interviewee)seeks to persuade the employer (interviewer)to employ him or her.Several suggestions might prove helpful to the applicant as preparation is made for the actual interview.
A job applicant has the responsibility for ascertaining certain types of information prior to the interview.First,the applicant should know what kind of job he wants and how that job relates to his career objective.It is important that the applicant be able to state his reasons for wishing to work for a particular company.Second,the applicant should seek as much information as possible concerning the company.Relevant information for the applicant to locate includes such items as the location of the home and regional offices,the financial status of the company,plans for expansion, and company philosophy.Information about most major corporations is available in reference books and periodicals.
After gathering information concerning the company,the applicant is ready for the interview.The interviewer's first impression comes from the interviewee's appearance.For most interviews,appropriate dress for man is a conservative(保守的)dark colored suit with a long sleeve white or light blue shirt and conservative tie.For women a conservative,tailored suit or dress is appropiate.Both men and women should have neat,conservative length hair.
Although hairstyle and dress are matters of personal taste,many personnel directors form initial impressions from these characteristics.For example,one recent college graduate,who felt himself qualified,interviewed for a public relations job.However.the personnel manager considered this young man's long hair,sloppy dress,and overly casual manner unsuited for this particular position.
For whom is the passage most likely written?
A.An employee.
B.An employer.
C.An interviewee.
D.An interviewer.
As the author suggests,what the applicant should know before the interview is _____ .
A.the type of work and his career expectation
B.his career objective a particular company will decide
C.the reasons a particular company has to employ him
D.all of the above
Before the interview,the applicant should obtain some information about _____ .
A.most major corporations
B.the company he wants to work for
C.reference books and periodicals
D.business and philosophy
What the applicant wears,as the author suggests,can make him look _____ .
A.personal
B.persuasive
C.informative
D.conservative
What is the author trying to tell us through the example in the last paragraph?
A.The importance of personal taste.
B.The importance of public relations
C.The importance of self confidence.
D.The importance of first impression.
Questions 56～60 are based on the following passage.
IN THE BEDROOM
Don't smoke in bed-it causes about 1 000 fires a year,many with fatal results.
Don't overload your electrical points:the ideal is “one appliance,one socket”.
Don't use an electric underblanket over you or an overblanket under you .An underblanket,unless of the lowvoltage type,MUST be switched off before you get into bed.
Never let furniture or clothing get close to a lighted fire.Make sure that there is a suitable guard for the room heater.
Keep aerosoltype containers(喷雾器)away from heat and NEVER burn or puncture(刺穿)them.
Don't dim a table lamp by covering it:buy a lowwattage bulb.
Pyjamas and nightdresses,especially for children and elderly people,should be made from flameresistant material.
IF CUT OFF BY FIRE
Close the door of the room and any fanlight or other opening and block up any cracks with bedding,atc.
Go to the window and try to attract attention.
If the room fills with smoke,lean out of the window unless prevented by smoke and flame coming from a room below or nearby.If you cannot lean out of the window,lie close to the floor where the air is clearer until you hear the fire brigade.
If you have to escape before the fire brigade arrives,make a rope by knotting together sheets or similar materials and tie it to a bed or another heavy piece of furniture.
If you cannot make a rope and the situation becomes intolerable,drop cushions or bedding from the window to break your fall,get through the window feet first,lower yourself to the full extent of your arms and drop.
If possible drop from a position above soft earth.If above the first floor,drop only as a last resort.
According to the instructions,fires in the bedroom can be caused by .
A.one appliance,one socket
B.smoking in bed
C.underblankets of the lowvoltage type
D.all of the abovementioned points
In the bedroom,you are told _____ .
A.not to use an electric underblanket or an electric overblanket
B.to use an underblanket of the lowvoltage type
C.to switch off an underblanket of the lowvoltage type
D.not to use an electric underblanket over you
You should keep furniture or clothes away from a lighted fire because _____ .
A.the fire is too low
B.furniture or clothes block light
C.there is no guard in the room
D.furniture or clothes catch fire easily
If you are cut off by fire,you should first _____ .
A.try to stop smoke from coming into the room
B.lie down and wait for the fire brigade
C.escape by jumping immediately out of the window
D.close the window and call for help
You can escape a fire by _____ .
A.tying a rope to sheets and throwing it out of the window
B.tying a sheet to a heavy piece of furniture and throwing it out of the window
C.tying a rope to a bed and throwing it out of the window
D.dropping with cushions and bedding from the window
Questions 61～65 are based on the following passage.
A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.He may have the idea that he is not capable of it.A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the most of his mental faculties,or he may accept another person's mistaken estimate of his ability.Older people may be handicapped by the mistaken belief that they are incapable of learning anything new because of their age.
A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real effort,because he feels that it would be useless.He won't go at a job with the confidence necessary for success.He is therefore likely to fail,and the failure will strengthen his belief in his incompetence.
Alfred Adler,a famous doctor,had an experience which illustrates this.When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic.His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic,and told his parents what she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him.In this way,they too developed the idea,“Isn't it too bad that Alfred can't do arithmetic?” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability,felt that it was useless to try,and was very poor at arithmetic,just as they expected.
One day Adler succeeded in solving a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve.This gave him confidence.He rejected the idea that he couldn't do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could.His new found confidence stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit.He now worked with interest,determination,and purpose,and he soon became extraordinarily good at arithmetic.
This experience made him realize that many people have more ability than they think they have,and that lack of success is as often the result of lack of knowledge of how to apply one's ability,lack of confidence,and lack of determination as it is the result of lack of ability.
According to the passage,which statement is NOT true?
A.A child may accept another person's underestimate of his ability.
B. He may think that he is too young to make the most of his mental faculties.
C.A person may have the idea that he is incapable of doing good work.
D.Some old people don't believe that they are capable of learning anything new.
A person who believes in his incompetence will _____ .
A.make no real efforts
B.fail to go at a job
C.show a complete lack of confidence
D.all of the above
As a boy,Alfred Adler was poor at arithmetic because _____ .
A.he lost his selfconfidence
B.he was mentally retarded
C.his teacher had no confidence in herself
D.his parents expected too much of him
Which of the following is the most important factor to Adler's success?
A.Spirit and experience.
B.Interest.
C.Confidence and determination.
D.Purpose and knowledge.
Adler's experience made him realize that _____ .
A.people are not as capable as they think
B.people can be more capable than they think
C.lack of knowledge leads to failure
D.lack of ability results in lack of determination
Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes,10 points)
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side of the paper.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
We know the kiss as a form of expressing affection.But long before it became 66 ,it was the custom in many parts of the world to use the kiss as a(n) 67 of respect.
In many African tribes the natives 68 the ground over which a chief has walked.Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect from the 69 times. The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes 70 a form of dignified greeting.One Roman emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips,but the 71 important ones had to kiss his hands,and the 72 important ones were 73 allowed to kiss his feet!
It is quite probable that the kiss as a form of affection can be traced back to primitive times when a mother 74 fondle(爱抚) her child,just as a mother 75 today.It only remained for society to 76 this as a custom for expressing affection between adults.
We have evidence that this was already the 77 by the time of the sixth century,but we can only assume it was 78 long before that.The first 79 where the kiss became accepted in courtship and love was in France.When dancing became popular,almost every dance figure ended 80 a kiss.
From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe.Russia,which loved to 81 the customs of France,adopted the kiss and it spread there through all the upper 82 .A kiss from the Tsar became 83 of the highest forms of recognition from the Crown.
In time ,the kiss became a part of courtship. 84 marriage customs developed,the kiss became a part of the wedding ceremony.Today,of course,we regard the kiss as an expression of love and tenderness.But there are still many places in the world where the kiss is
85 of formal ceremonies and is intended to convey respect.
66.A.it B.one C.this D.itself
67.A.custom B.tradition C.affection D.expression
68.A.watch B.kiss C.touch D.greet
69.A.latest B.earliest C.longest D.eldest
70.A.of B.in C.for D.as
71.A.not B.less C.little D.least
72.A.last B.less C.most D.least
73.A.too B.only C.also D.ever
74.A.could B.would C.should D.will
75.A.does B.has C.doing D.would
76.A.accept B.allow C.kiss D.express
77.A.history B.event C.case D.evidence
78.A.expressed B.discovered C.kissed D.practised
79.A.city B.tribe C.country D.soceity
80.A.by B.without C.in D.with
81.A.copy B.allow C.spread D.quote
82.A.governments B.countries C.cities D.classes
83.A.it B.one C.this D.that
84.A.As B.Once C.While D.Since
85.A.bit B.some C.part D.any
Paper Two试卷二
Part I Error Detection and Correction(10 minutes,10 points)
Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts.These parts are labelled A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Then,without altering the meaning of the sentence,write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET.
To (A) the best of (B) my knowledge,the climate in Arizona is better yearround (C) than any other state (D) .
So great (A) was (B) the influence of Thomas Paine on (C) his own time that John Adams suggested that the era was called (D) “The Age of Paine.”
At school (A) he found that he hated eating (B) in the diningroom, studied (C) for (D) his chemistry class,and doing his laundry.
In spite of (A) the everincreasing exploitation of natural resources, that (B) has now reached dangerous proportion, little (C) has been done on a worldwide scale (D) to slow down or stop this process.
On each (A) side of the highway was (B) hundreds of billboards advertising (C) everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell fresh fruit (D) and bedspreads.
Clearly,Japan is still not very well understood in (A) the West;what Westerners do know (B) seems to be (C) either extremely negative nor (D) extremely positive.
Annoying (A) at the long checkout lines,the shopper began to sigh (B) loudly,tap his foot (C) ,and glance at (D) his watch.
If (A) you want a real (B) effective stereo that plays (C) music clearly,you' d better buy (D) a graphic equalizer.
The new tenant in (A) the apartment was obviously (B) both suspicious (C) and interested in (D) his neighbors.
You will (A) almost always find (B) Caroline playing (C) a video game because she enjoys to be challenged. (D)
Part II Translation(15 minutes,10 points)
Directions:Translate the following passage into English.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
在我们这个时代，任何人想要在社会上起到所希望起的作用，就必须接受必要的教育。随着科学技术的进步，即使在中小学，现在也开设越来越多的课程。与过去的教育相比，现代教育更强调其实用方面。
Part III Guided Writing(30 minutes,15 points)
ADVANTAGES OF A FIVE-DAY WEEK(五天工作制的好处)
You should base your composition on the following points:
我国从五月一日开始实施五天工作制。请写出五天工作制的实施对社会、家庭和个人带来的好处。
(A)intelligent
本题的四个选项为近形异义词。这四个词虽然都以-ent结尾，但意义大不相同。
intelligent“聪明的，有才智的”，如：intelligent questions/answers“聪明的问题/答复”；an intelligent child“聪明的孩子”。
efficient(1)指人，“有能力的，能胜任的”，如：an efficient secretary“能干的秘书”；(2)指物，“有效的”，如，efficient method of teaching“有效的教学方法”。
proficient“熟练的，精通的”，通常和in连用，如：They were all proficient in needlework.“他们都很擅长针线活儿。”
diligent“勤勉的，努力的”，通常也和in连用，如：He is diligent in his work.“他工作勤奋。”
从以上分析可以看出，intelligent是最合题意的，即“他很聪明，通过手势就能明白我的问题”；efficient指人时意为某人能胜任某工作，而proficient指人精通或熟练做某事，所以都不符合题意；而diligent(勤勉，用功)与明白我的手势也不相干。
参考译文：他很聪明，通过手势就能明白我的问题。
(D)make sense
本题考的是动词短语的用法。
make clear(1)通常用make oneself/ one's meaning clear “使自己(自己的意思)让人明白”，如：Now,do I make myself clear?“现在，你们听懂我的话没有?”(2)通常用make sth clear“表明，说清楚，”如：All of them made it clear they would support my decision.“他们大家都表明要支持我的决定。”
make sure(1)“查清、弄确切”，常用make sure that…/of sth.如：I think there's a train at 5：15,but you'd better make sure.“我想5：15有一班火车，但是你最好去查一查。”Before you go to the meeting,you'd better make sure of the time and place.“你去开会之前最好把时间和地点弄清楚。”(2)“确信，感到确信无疑”，如：I made sure he would be here.“我确信他会来这里。”
make out(1)“(企图)证明，说明”，如：I don't know what you are trying to make out.“我不明白你要证明什么。”(2)“理解，了解”，如：I can't make out the meaning of this passage.“我不能理解这段文章的意思。”(3)“辨认出”，如：I can't make out his handwriting.“我认不出他的字迹。”
make sense(1)“(话等)有意义，讲得通”，如：What you say doesn't make sense.“你的话毫无意义。”(2)“(做法)有道理”，如：Under these conditions it made sense to adopt labor-saving methods.“在这样的条件下，采用节省劳力的做法是很有道理的。”
根据以上分析只有make sense符合题意。
参考译文：让孩子们玩爆竹有道理吗?
(D)standardized
本题考的是近形异义词。
mechanized“机械化了的”，如：mechanized forces“机械化部队”。
minimized“减至最小了的，减至最低程度了的”。
modernized“现代化了的”，如：a modernized factory“现代化工厂”。
standardized“标准化了的”。
根据题意我们知道，一种机器只有当所有的零件都被标准化了之后才容易找到替换零件，所以只有D“standardized”才是最佳选择。
参考译文：这台缝纫机的所有零部件都被标准化了，所以替换它们非常容易。
(B)incident
本题考的是异形异义词。所以只有在理解题意的基础上并结合四个词的含义才能做对此题。
amusement“娱乐,快乐”，指一种高兴或愉快的心情，它是不能用funny来修饰的，所以此词不合题意；amusement也可指“娱乐活动”，但通常要用它的复数形式。
incident“事件(尤指比较不重要的小事件)”，如：That was one of the strangest incidents in my life.“那是我一生中发生的最奇怪的事情。”
accident“意外事件，不测，事故，祸事”，如：There have been many railway accidents this year.“今年发生了许多火车事故。”He was killed in a road accident.“他在一次车祸中丧生。”可以看出此词也不能用funny形容。
section(1)“部分、部门”，如：A section of the railway was closed.“这条铁路的一部分关闭了。”He is the head of this section.“他是这个部门的负责人。”(2)“地区，地段”，如：A town has a business section and residential section.“城市有商业区和居住区。”可以看出此词也不能与funny搭配使用。
由此可以看出只有incident是最佳选择。
参考译文：你有什么趣事或不一般的经历愿与大家分享吗?
(B)commission
本题考的是名词近义词的辨析。
income“收入，所得，进款，指某一阶段时间中所得，如：My income for that year amounted to 1 000.“那年我的收入总共有1 000美元。”
commission“(请人销售货物等，按获利比例所付的)佣金；回扣”，如：He receives a commission of 10 per cent on sales,as well as a salary.“他按销售数量收取10%的佣金，另外还有一份薪水。”
salary“薪水，俸给(通常为按月发给的年俸)”，如：I draw my salary the first day of each month.“我每月第一天领薪水。”
pension“养老金，抚恤金，退休金”，如：In these days of inflation people on pension find it difficult to live.“通货膨胀的时候，依靠养老金生活的人们生活很艰难。”
根据题句，售货员所获酬劳的方式是从销售额当中提取10%，所以采用的是佣金制，因此答案应是commission。
参考译文：作为一名销售人员，他采取佣金制，即从他的销售额当中提取10%的佣金。
(C)go without
go in for(1)“以…为乐趣，嗜好，爱好”，如：l go in for tennis.“我迷恋网球运动。”(2)“参加，从事于”，如：go in for an examination“参加考试”；go in for technical innovations in a big way“大搞技术革新”。
go over(1)“仔细检查”，如：The policemen went over the facts again and again,but couldn't piece them together.“警察一遍又一遍地审查事实，但却串不起来。”(2)“复习，重温”，如：The actress went over her lines several times.“那个女演员把她的台词重温了好几遍。”
go without(sth)“忍受没有…之苦”，如：The poor boy has to go without supper.“这可怜的男孩时常没有晚饭吃。”
go out(1)“出去(闯天下)”，如：Nowadays many married women go out to work.“现在许多已婚妇女外出工作。”(2)“熄灭”，如：The light went out and everything was in the dark.“灯灭了，一切都在黑暗中。”
根据题意并结合以上分析应选go without，即“忍受着没有食物之苦”。
参考译文：他们被暴风雨所困，几天来不得不忍受着没有食物之苦。
(D)confront
本题考的是四个动词的用法。
encounter“遭遇(危险、困难等)”；“邂逅(友人等)”，如：During the long distance journey,they encountered many unexpected difficulties.“在长途旅行中，他们遇到许多预想不到的困难。”Last week I encountered an old friend at the railway station.“上星期我在火车站邂逅了一位老朋友。”
acquaint(1)“使某人(自己)熟悉于…，使通晓”，如：acquaint sb.with the facts of the case“使某人知道该事件之详情”。(2)“与(某人)见过面，认识”，如:I am not acquainted with the lady.“我不认识那位女士。”
preside“做会议的主席，主持(at,over)”，如：preside at(over)a meeting“主持会议”。
confront“面对，面临”，如：We are confronting tremendous and even more complicated problems.“我们正在面临巨大的甚至更为复杂的问题。”
从以上分析看出acquaint和preside从用法和含义上都不符合题意。而encounter一般指遭遇的是实实在在的、具体的危险或困难，这些危险或困难是必须要经历的，而不能说遭遇一个“充满挑战的世界”，只能说面对这样一个世界，所以答案只能选confront。
参考译文：每天我们面对的是一个严峻而又充满挑战的世界，对此《中国日报》从未视而不见。
(D)accidentally
本题考的是四个以-ly结尾的副词，但它们的含义各不相同。副词的用法比较灵活，可以用来修饰一个句子、一个动词、一个动词短语甚至一个形容词或形容词短语等。从本题的题句看，应选的副词修饰的是“我把钱包丢在了柜台上”这样一个动作。哪个词能最合理地修饰这一动作呢?
initially“起初，开始”，如：Initially Alice opposed the plan,but later she changed her mind.“一开始爱丽丝反对这个计划，但后来她改变了主意。”
fortunatelly“幸运地”，如：Fortunatelly，nobody was killed in the accident.“幸运的是事故中没人受伤。”
frustratedly“受到挫折地”。
accidentally“意外地，偶然地”，如：We accidentally found an ideal solution.“我们意外地找到了一个理想的解决办法。”
由此可见，只有accidentally才符合题意。
参考译文：我在一家百货商店购物时，意外地把钱包丢在了手提包柜台上。
(C)rural
本题考的是习惯搭配法。
remote“(在空间或时间上)遥远的”，如：He lives in a small town remote from the city.“他住在远离该城的一个小镇里。The dinosaurs lived in the remote ages.“恐龙生活在很遥远的年代。”
municipal“市的，市政的”，如：municipal government“市政府”。
rural“乡村的”，如：China has a large rural population.“中国有大量的农村人口。”
provincial“省的”，如：provincial government“省政府”。
从题句看，用and与应选项相连的是urban(城市的)，通常与此词搭配使用的只能是rural(乡村的)，表示“城乡”。
参考译文：他指出城乡人民的生活水平在持续提高。
(A)ingredient
本题考的是近义词的辨析。
ingredient“成分，组成部分”。
element“元素，要素，成分”。
component“组成部分”。
compound“复合物，化合物”，如：Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.“食盐是钠和氯的化合物。”
题句中指菜肴的成分或配料。所以根据以上分析可以排除compound；element一个意思是化学元素，另一个意思为一个整体中基本的、不可缺少的或内在固有的成分，一般指抽象的而不是具体的物质，如：the basic elements of a job“工作的基本要素”；Justice is an important element in good government.“公正为善治的要素。”所以此词也不符合题意；component指联合其他部分作用的一部分，但容易被从中分离出来，如汽车部件、相机配件等，它们被分离出来之后可以单独存在，但只有结合在一起才能构成一个整体发挥作用，此词不能指菜肴的成分；而ingredient却是指那些混合在一个无定形的整体中，没有发生变化的物质，也可指在一个整体中那些融化和改变了形态的部分，如：the ingredients of ice-cream“冰激凌的各种配料”；the ingredient of a cake“蛋糕的各种成分”，可见此词可以指食品的成分或配料，所以答案应为ingredient。
参考译文：为什么素菜馆中做的菜除了配料之外其他方面都像肉呢?
(A)Because of
本题考的是介词短语的用法。
because of“由于，因为”(引导表示原因的名词、动名词、名词短语或名词从句等)，如：Because of his bad leg,he couldn't walk so fast as the others.“因为他的腿有毛病，他不能跟别的人走得一样快。”
by means of“借，用，通过”(引导的成分同上，但表示的是通过某种方式)，如：Thoughts are expressed by means of words.“思想用文字表达出来。”
in addition to“除…之外”(引导的成分有名词、名词短语等，表示一种追加的意思)，如：In addition to his salary,he earns a large sum of money by spare-time work.“除了他的薪水之外，他还靠业余时间赚大钱。”
in spite of“尽管”(引导的成分同because of,但表示的是一种转折)，如：In spite of all the setbacks，he keeps trying.“尽管多次失败，他仍坚持努力。”
根据以上分析并结合题意，答案应选A“Because of”。因为题句表示的是因果关系，即“由于受到东方思想的影响，所以西方发生了很大的变化”。而B“By means of”表示的是达到目的的一种方式或手段，在此不合适。而C“In addition to”和D“In spite of”在本句中明显地不合题意，所以答案应选A。
参考译文：由于受到从东方归来的士兵带回欧洲的思想的影响，西方发生了巨大的变化。
(A)dominated
本题的四个选项为异形异义词。所以要作出正确的选择理解题意是至关重要的。从“Germany's Touring Car Championship”这四个词的首字母都大写可以判断这是德国的一项汽车赛事，因此所选词肯定是要说明“奥迪”车在这项赛事中有什么样的行为。
dominate“统治，支配，控制，主宰”，如：dominate the situation“控制局势”，The strong usually dominate the weak.“强者通常统治弱者。”
conquer“征服，战胜”，如：Britain was once conquered by Normans.“英国曾一度被诺曼人征服。”
determine“决定，决心，确定，测定”，如：Economic factors determine the progress which a society can make.“经济因素决定社会的进步。”He determined to become commander-in-chief of the forces.“他决心成为军队的统帅。”An X ray determined that no bones were broken.“X光片测定没有骨头被折断。”
contest“竞争以夺取，争取”，如，The soldiers contested every inch of the ground with the enemy.“士兵们与敌人寸土必争。”
从以上分析可以看出，只有dominated最合题意，即“奥迪”车在过去的两年里在这项赛事中大有作为，主宰了整个锦标赛。conquer和determin是两个短暂性动词，不能在延续时间状态下用现在完成时，况且它们的含义也与题意不符；contest为及物动词，它可以说去争夺某个具体的东西，如，某项赛事的举办权，但不能说去争夺整个赛事。所以答案只能选dominate。
参考译文：在过去的两年里，奥迪车一直主宰着“德国赛车锦标赛”。
(A)in return
本题考的是以介词in引导的介词短语。
in return“以为报答，回报，回礼”，如：I helped him with his English,and he gave me a gift in return.“我帮助他学习英语，作为回报他给了我一份礼物。”
in the long run“最终，从长远观点来看”，如：In the long run it will do you good.“从长远观点来看这对你有好处。”
in turn“依次，轮流”，如：Each man in turn got up and spoke.“每个人都轮流站起来说话。”
in place“在适当的位置”，如：I like everything to be in place.“我喜欢所有东西都井然有序。”
根据以上分析并结合题意应选in return。因为题句中讲你怎样对待这个世界，这个世界[ZZ(]反过来[ZZ)]就会怎样对待你。
参考译文：如果你苛求这个世界，那么这个世界也会苛求你；如果你以一颗平静的心对待这个世界，那么反过来世界也会温柔地待你。
(D)concentrate
本题的四个选项为异形异义的词动。由于题句空后有一个介词on，所以在做本题时一定要考虑到四个选项与之搭配的特定含义。
impose“征税，强加(on)”，如：New taxes were imposed on wines and spirits.“酒类加征新税。”I must perform the task that has been imposed on me.“我必须要做已经加在我身上的工作。”
center“集中于( on/upon)”，如：The workers demands centered on pay and working conditions.“工人的要求集中在工资和工作条件上。”
overwork“过度工作”，如：Don't overwork yourself.“不要过分操劳。”
concentrate“集中注意力于，专心于(on/upon)”，如：He is concentrating on his work now.“现在他正专心于工作。”
从以上分析可以看出，只有center和concentrate后跟介词on才有“集中于某事”的意思，但二者又有所不同。center on指有许多不同的东西，如想法、意见、要求等大体上集中在一个或几个方面，它的主语不能是指人；而conceutrate on则是指某人集中他所有的精力或注意力在一个方面，主语可以是指人。可见concentrate才是最佳答案。
参考译文：霍金没有接受他做医生的父亲督促他学医的劝告，而决定集中精力学习数学和理论物理学。
(A)motivated
本题考的是近义词辨析。
motivate“为…的动机，激发，促使”，如：My decision to make this trip was motivated by a desire to leave this place.“我决定作这次旅行的动机是为了要离开这个地方。”
advise“劝告，忠告；通知”，如：What do you advise me to do?“你说我该怎么办?”Please advise us when the goods are dispatched.“货物交运时请通知我们。”
excite“激动，使兴奋”，指引起某种感情变化，如：Everybody was excited by the news of the victory.“人人为胜利的消息而兴奋。”
impulse“推动”，指由内心冲动或不自觉的想法引起的行为。
从以上分析可以看出，这四个词虽然都有“引起或激发…”的含义，但含义却不尽相同。motivate指某活动是由什么促使或激发的，它与本题题意最相符；advise指某人给某人建议或忠告；excite通常指激发了某种感情；而impulse指推动某事业或运动。所以答案应选A。
参考译文：对地球起源的关注激发了他们的研究。
(D)account for
account to并非一个固定词组，无明确意义，是用来迷惑考生的。
use up“用完，花光”，如：He has used up all his strength.“他用完了他的力气。”
amount to“总计，共达”，如：His debts amount to 5 000.“他的债务共达5 000美元。”
account for“解释；报账”，如：He was asked to account for his absence.“他被要求为他的缺席作解释。”The boy has to account to his parents for the money they give him for school expenses.“男孩必须向他父亲报账，说明他们给他的学杂费支出项目。”
根据以上分析可以看出A选项是一个捏造的词组，应予排除；选项B“use np”意为“用完，花光”，照常理收银员不能把他看管的钱都花光，所以B也应排除。amount to是个没有动作性的动词词组，一般指总计多少钱或数目达到多少等，而且该词组主语不能是人，所以C也应排除；D选项account for有“报账”的意思，最合题意。
参考译文：出纳员被要求对他保管的每一分钱都报账。
(D)labeled
name“命名；说出…的名字”，如：They named their son John.“他们给儿子取名约翰。”Can you name all the plants and trees in this garden?“你能说出这花园里所有花草树木的名称吗?”
restrict“限制，约束，使在限度内(to)”，如：We are restricted to a speed of 30 miles an hour in built-up areas.“在房屋林立的地区，车速限制为每小时30英里。”
classify“分类，归类，分等级”，指把物品按特征进行分类，把具有相同特征的物品分为一类，如：The books have been classified according to subjects.“这些书已按专题分了类。”Twenty-two of these plants are now calssified as rare.“这些植物中的22种被定为稀有植物。”
label“用签条标明，贴标签于，(喻)把……称为”，如：The bottle is labeled poison.“瓶上标明有毒。”He was labeled(as)a demagogue.“他被认为是个煽动家。”
从以上分析可以看出A“named”是“命名”的意思，其后跟的通常是某人或某物的具体名字或名称，而“绿色食品”并不是指某个东西的名称，它是一类物品统一的特征；B“restricted”的用法和含义都不合题意；如果把C“classified”填入空中，它的意思是把这558种产品按某种标准进行分类，而且其后要加介词“as”。但根据题意它们的类别已经分好，具有统一特征，这里只是要把这558种产品(贴上标签)，标明它们是“绿色产品”，而选项中label正好表达了这个意思，所以答案应选D。
参考译文：截止到1994年底，已经有558种产品被列为绿色产品。
(A)audible
本题的四个选项为异形异义词，所以紧密结合题意是至关重要的。从题意分析，所选项是修饰那个女孩发言的声音的。
audible“可听见的，听得见的”，如：in a scarcely audible voice“以几乎听不见的声音”。
optional“可选择的”，如：optional subjects at school“学校的选修课”。
legible“(指字迹、印刷品)易读的，清楚的”。
identical“相同的，完全一样的”，如：Your coat is identical with mine.“你的大衣和我的一样。”
从词的含义看A“audible”是最佳选择。
参考译文：在颁奖仪式后举行的新闻发布会上，那个18岁女孩发言的声音很低，人们几乎听不见。
(D)response
本题考的是四个异形异义的名词。根据题意所选项一定与信件有关。
circumstance“(通常用复数)情形，环境，状况”，如：Don't judge the crime until you know the circumstances.“在你未了解一切情况之前，勿对罪行下判断。”When he explained his circumstances to me,l decided to help him.“当他说明了他的境况之后，我决定帮助他。”
request“请求，要求”，如：The professor gave us a lecture at our request.“应我们的要求教授给我们讲了一课。”
reception“接待，招待会”，如：The reception is held at the main lobby.“招待会在大厅举行。”We have a special room for the reception of patients.“我们-病人设了专门的接待室。”
response“回答，答复”，如：My letter of inquiry brought no response.“我的询问信始终未得回音。”
所以根据以上分析并结合题意应选response。
参考译文：信件书写得干净整齐会增加对方在回信中对你表示赞许的机会。
(B)concise
本题考一种习惯搭配法。
conventional“传统的”，如：Modern rugs are better looking than the conventional ones.“现代的地毯比传统的地毯更好看。”
concise“(指某人的语言或文体等)简洁的，简明的”，如：a concise survey of English literature“英国文学简要概况”。
creative“有创造力的，创造的”。
crucial“决定性的，关系重大的”，如：at the crucial moment“在重要的关头”。
以上分析表明答案应选B“concise”。从题句可以看出句中表达的是一种文体，并且“clear”与“concise”从文学的角度来讲是经常并列出现的，表明了一种“清楚而又简洁”的文章，而其他三个选项却不符合这一习惯用法，所以应选D。
参考译文：我们用清楚、简洁的文字给读者们提供信息和娱乐，他们对此感到很舒服。
Part III Reading Comprehension
(C)意为：解释“高科技”与“最新技术水平”指什么。文章的第一句是全文的核心。第一段的其余部分是对“高科技”的一个定义，第二、三段用实例来说明这一概念。文章第四～八段是对“目前工艺水平”这一概念的解释。第四段前三句是对“目前工艺水平”的一个定义。可见，本文的主要写作目的是解释两个词组(expression)的意思。
A意为：解释“高科技”与“目前工艺水平”(这两个概念)是怎样来的。本文也的确谈到了这两个概念产生或发展的历史背景，如：第三段第一句提到，在美国，80年代初，“高科技”这一说法流行起来；同样，在第六段，文章提到，70年代后期，许多美国人开始使用“目前工艺水平”这个词组。可见，虽然本文提到了一点两个词组的历史，但是，全文的写作目的却不是为了描述其历史发展。
B意为：举例说明新科技。文章确实也对这两个概念进行了举例说明--不仅是举例说明高科技。但举例的目的是说明道理。
D意为：描述非常现代化的技术。这显然不是本文的目的，本文比较了用于描述现代科技的两个概念，而并未描述现代技术的特征、特性及其意义。
(A)第三段第二句指出，由于技术的进步，美国人在商店里可以买到许多新型产品，如：家用电脑、微波炉等等。
B意为：高科技指的是非传统的技术。其一应该指出：非传统的技术未必是高科技，根据第一段第三句的定义，高科技指的是运用科学和工程学领域里的最新观点或发现进行的发明或建构起来的系统或设备。因此，高科技不仅要新，而且还要高，如：通信卫星(communications satellite)技术、计算机技术、微波技术等。
C意为：“目前工艺水平”(这一概念)不如“高科技”(这一概念)用得广泛。文章未提到或暗示这一点。
D意为：牛拉木犁就是“目前工艺水平”的一个例子。原文第四段对“目前工艺水平”进行了定义。“目前工艺水平”指最新的东西，是利用最新(latest)方法和技术生产出的产品，是指工商领域内可行的最新(newest possible)设计或产品本身。牛拉木犁是人类文明刚刚起步时的产品或耕作方法，自然不能属于“目前工艺水平”的范畴。
(C)意为：手力唧筒。
A、B、D表达的内容都与原文相符。参阅第二段第三句，第三段第二句。
(D)意为：现在，各种类型的产品都属于“目前工艺水平”的范畴。这句话与原文最后一句话的意思不一样。原文中多出了are said to be这几个词，因此应译作：目前，各种类型的产品都被称作是“目前工艺水平”的范畴；或者译作：目前，各类产品都被称作是达到“目前工艺水平”的产品。从这里的措辞不难看出，在作者看来，有些产品是挂着羊头卖狗肉，是名不符实的。
A与原文表达的内容相符。第六段指出，“目前工艺水平”这种说法70年代末开始为数以百万计的美国人使用，获得如此广泛使用的原因是计算机革命。
B与原文表达的内容相符。文章第四段在对“目前工艺水平”进行定义以后举了一个例子：代表目前工艺水平的电视机是采用了最现代化的设计与零件的产品，最值得一买。
C意为：随着计算机技术的迅速发展，(今天)代表最新工艺水平的计算机(明天)很容易落伍。第八段指出，计算机技术日新月异，今天代表最新工艺水平的计算机明天也许就落伍了。
(D)意为：两个新词。参阅第36题题解。
A意为：计算机技术。
B意为：高科技与目前工艺水平。注意：这里未用引号，所以与D不是一个意思。正如对第36题的题解所指出的那样，本文主要在于对比解释两个新概念，而不在于描述高科技或目前工艺水平的特征。
C意为：最先进的技术。
(B)意为：受限于恶劣的环境。第一段指出，居住在北极圈里的爱斯基摩人，不是因为缺乏能力或勤劳(industry)，而是环境将其建筑水平限制到仅满足最起码的(barest)生存需要(的水平)，这大大地(effectually)阻碍了向前发展的步伐。从第一句话来看，effort是restrict的宾语；换言之，受限的是努力或尝试，而限制努力或尝试变为现实的是环境(surroundings 或environment)，因此，B最贴切。而发展步伐受到阻碍并非努力的结果，而是努力受到客观限制的结果，因此，D是不贴切的。
A意为：导向各种房屋的建造。第二段第四句指出，客观上限制了爱斯基摩人只能利用有限的建筑材料来建造住处或贮藏室(habitations and storage places),而这些建筑物又根据不同需要和建筑者的技术水平在不同部落有所不同。可见，这里强调的不是主观上想建造不同风格的房子，而是客观上为适应环境的需要而建造不同材料的房子。
C正是第一句话所否定的。
(A)参阅第41题对A项的解释。
B正好与事实相反。
C意为：根据气候选择建筑材料。根据第二段第四句，各部落选择建筑材料依据的是需要和工匠的技术。
D意为：建筑材料的使用由经验丰富的工匠决定。原文说的是根据工匠的技能(skill of the workers)--取决于他们使用某种材料的熟练程度和技术，这并非是说由技术熟练的工匠(skilled workers)来决定。
(D)B意为：他们缺乏建造墙和顶的主-材料；C意为：他们想要房屋少受严冬的侵扰。第三段第一句提到了第一方面的理由：缺乏必要的木材建墙和横撑开宽阔的空间是这些部落将住处部分地建于地下的原因之一。第二句提到第二方面的原因：这种设计(device)也使得寒冷更难以侵入房内。
(A)第二段第三句指出，除漂浮木以外，其他可用的建筑材料只有雪、冰、石和动物骨架。而各部落根据需要和工匠的技能而使用不同材料。第四段前三句指出，我们许多人倾向于认为爱斯基摩人总是住在圆顶帐篷或雪房子内。这并不全对。经过漫长的严冬后，如果天气允许，他们很可能迁居到海豹皮做的帐篷中居住。可见，在冬天，雪房子是他们常用居所之一。
B不对。
C意为：贮藏室。
D意为：海豹皮帐篷。
(D)文章最后一段指出，雪屋是一种有趣的、独特的住处。夏日野营者虽然不需用雪建房，但是，冬日野营者也许要用雪建房，因此，这门精美的艺术(或工艺)值得记述下来。
(D)原文第一句指出，如果欧洲人认为干旱仅是发生在非洲的事，他们现在该更明白点了(该醒悟了)。紧接着，第一段从欧洲几个国家缺水这一现实，说明了干旱也正威胁着欧洲。
A意为：他们对干旱的原因了解得更清楚了。
B意为：他们对非洲的干旱情况了解得更多了。
C意为：他们已认识到欧洲的旱情是最严重的。原文并未这样说，而且，这显然也是不符合实际的。
(A)意为：低于正常水平的降雨量。正如第二句所说的那样，低降雨量是导致干旱的原因，而不是相反--连续4年低于正常水平的降雨量(有些地区降雨量只有以往年平均降雨量的1/10，法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、比利时、英国和爱尔兰的大面积地区变得干燥而荒芜。
B意为航行困难。第三句指出，法国南部的运河水位低得除周末以外不得不禁航。
C意为牡蛎产量锐减。第四句指出，布列塔尼(Brittany:位于法国西北部)牡蛎的产量下降了30%，因为当地河流中缺乏牡蛎生长必需的淡水(fresh water)。
D意为干枯的山脊。第五句指出，在英格兰东南部，肯特郡蜿蜒起伏的绿山已干得露出了黄土，官员们正在考虑(weighing)从威尔士调水。
(D)收水费。第二段第三句指出，在英国，像气和电一样，用水马上就装水表。这一句话的意思在下句华伦(Warren)的话中得到解释：“英国人总不把水当成一回事，现在他们也对水定价收费了(putting a price on it)。”
A意为禁止洗车业务。这是法国某些旱灾严重的地区(hard-hit areas)所做的。参阅第二段第二句。
B意为增加用水费。
C意为结束因干旱造成的痛苦。
(B)文章最后两句指出，即使干旱突然停下来某些地区也不会结束苦难，因为，需要连续下几年特别大的冬雨，才能将目前的(existing)贮水量恢复到正常水位。可见，几年来，水位已降至最低位。
A意为：德国是唯一不受干旱侵扰的国家。本文未提到德国的旱情，因此，那里的情况也不详，但可能的推测是，那里旱情尚不如英法等国严重，而不是没有。
C意为：英国的旱情比法国严重。这一点文章并未提及。可能的推测是情况恰恰相反。
D意为：欧洲近几年内不会有大雨。这一点文章并未提到或暗示。
(B)意为：干旱侵扰欧洲。全文的第一句和最后两句正是全文旨在说明的。
A意为：受难的欧洲。这一题目似乎有些夸张。
C意为：节约用水。
D意为：欧洲，又一个未来的非洲。这个题目太夸张了。
(C)意为：受面试者。根据文章第一句，这里的interviewee即指“申请工作者”。本文旨在-参加面试的工作申请人提供几条有用的建议。参阅第一段第二句。第二段建议应试者先着手了解公司的背景信息，第三、四段提醒应试者应从哪几方面给面试他/她的人留下一个良好的第一印象。
(A)第二段第二句指出，首先，申请者应确立自己所申请的工作性质以及这份工作与其工作生涯总体目标的关系：他应该知道自己为什么选择到某公司工作。
B意为：某个公司为他确定的工作目标。
C意为：某公司为什么要雇他。
(B)第二段第四句(也即第二条建议)建议申请人去尽量多地获得公司背景信息，找到(locate)诸如总公司、子公司、地区子公司的所在地和公司的财务状况、发展规划及其经营战略(company philosophy)。而有关多数大公司的信息可以在参考书或期刊中找到。
A意为：大多数大公司。
C意为：参考书或期刊。
D意为：买卖及战略。
(D)意为：传统的，稳健的，保守的。第三段第三句指出，就大部分面试场合而言，合体的男士服装是传统的深色西装，长袖白色或浅蓝色衬衫另加一条传统的领带；对女子来说，合体的服装是传统的正式女西装或连衣裙。第四段第一句指出，发型和着装虽然是个人爱好(taste)问题，但是，许多人事主管从这些方面来形成第一印象。可见，如何着装是很重要的，它告诉面试你的人许多信息(informative)。
A意为：个人的，私人的。
B意为：有说服力的。
C意为：含有信息的。
(D)在最后一段，作者举了一个大学毕业生申请工作而遭拒绝的例子，用以说明该段第一句提到的道理：虽然发型和着装是个人爱好问题，但是许多人事主管由此而形成第一印象(initial impressions:最初的印象)。
A意为：个人爱好的重要性。
B意为：公关的重要性。
C意为：自信心的重要性。
(B)第一条警告是：勿在床上吸烟--这每年引起约一千次火灾，许多次导致人员伤亡。
A意为：一种电器使用一(电源)插孔。根据第二条警告，这正是作者所建议的，否则，就要超负荷了。
C意为：低电压褥下电热毯。根据第三条警告，不要将褥下电热毯盖在身上或将电热毯铺在身下。即使使用褥下电热毯--除非是低压型的，上床睡觉前也应关掉。可见，在作者看来，电热毯如使用得当是可以使用的，而低压型电热毯危险较小。
可见，按照A、C所建议的行事，就不会造成火灾。
(D)参阅第三条。
A不对。根据第三条警告，如使用得当，电热毯是可以铺在身下或盖在身上使用的。
B不对。如使用得当，高压型也可以使用。
C不对。根据第三条警告，若使用的不是低压电热毯，上床睡觉前应该关掉电源。参阅第56题题解。
(D)意为：家具或服装易燃。根据第四条警告，切忌将家具或衣物置放在燃烧的火旁，务必确保室内电热器有合适的遮挡物(guard)。第七条又指出，睡衣--特别是孩子和上年纪的人穿的--的衣料应该是抗火的。
A意为：火苗低(或：火小)。
B意为：家具或衣物挡光。
C意为：室内无挡板(或：警卫)。
(A)意为：尽量勿使烟进入室内。第八条建议是：如果被火阻在室内(或：如果被火切断出路)，应关上房门或其他风口，用床上用品堵住缝隙。无论怎样做，其目的是不让烟雾侵入。可见，这是首先应该做的。
B意为：躺下等消防队来。第十条提到了第三、四个方法。万一室内已进烟，如果楼下房间或邻近的其他房间未冒出烟或火苗的话，应尽力将头伸出窗外。如果不能，在听到消防队到来前，应该紧贴地板躺下，因为，贴近地板处，空气还较清新。
C意为：立刻跳窗逃走。第十一、十二、十三条详细地描述了在万不得已的情况下脱离险情的方法。
(C)第十一条指出，如果在消防队未到之前脱离险境的话，可以用床单或类似的材料拧成一条绳子，将绳子的一头拴在床脚上或其他重家具物品上。然后，当然是沿绳自窗而下--虽然原文中未提到。
A意为：将绳子拴在被单上扔出窗去。
B意为：将一张床单拴到一件重家具上扔向窗外。
D意为：同软垫或床垫一起坠下窗去。第十二条指出，如果做不了绳子而形势又紧急迫人，可以将软垫或床垫掷于窗下，以起到缓冲作用(break your fall)。将腿先伸向窗外，再下降至全伸双臂，然后松手落下。
(B)意为：他也许认为自己尚小而无法充分发挥自己的智能。
A意为：小孩也许接受另一个人对其能力的低估。
C意为：一个人也许认为自己没能力干好工作。
D意为：有些老人认为自己无力再学新东西。
第一段指出，一个人对自己的认识也许会阻碍他做好工作。他也许认为自己无力干好。一个孩子也许认为自己很笨，但事实上，他只不过是不知道怎样充分发挥自己的智能，或者因为他接受了他人对自己能力的错误评价。老年人也许会受挫，因为他错误地认为自己年纪大了无力再学新东西。可见，B表达的内容与原文是不相符的。
(D)文章第二段指出，一个认为自己缺乏能力的人不会再做出实际的努力(A的意思)，因为，他觉得这将是徒劳无益的(C的意思)；他将不会用取得成功所需要的信心(C的意思)去做好工作(B的意思)。因此，他很可能会失败，而失败本身又加强了他对自己能力的错误认识。
(A)为了说明文章第一句中(以及第二段第一句中)所说明的道理，在第三段中，作者举了阿德勒少年时的一个亲身经历。小时候，阿德勒开始算术不好(got off to a poor start in arithmetic)。他的老师认为他没有算术方面的能力，并将自己的看法告诉了家长，希望家长对他的期望值不要过高。这样，家长也有了这种看法。阿德勒接受了他们对他的能力的错误看法，认为努力也没用，结果正如他们所料：他算术因此很差，形成恶性循环。
B意为：他智力落后。
C意为：他的老师对自己没信心。
D意为：他的家长对他期望过高。
(C)意为：信心与决心。文章第四段接着说，一天阿德勒解开了一道其他学生均未解开的题，这件事给了他以信心。他从此不再相信自己没有算术能力并决心用实际行动做给他们看。他找回的信心使他用一种新的热忱去学习算术，他怀着兴趣、决心和目标继续学习下去，很快，他算术成绩变得特别好。
A意为：精神(热忱)和经验。
B意为：兴趣。
D意为：目的和知识。
(B)最后一段指出，阿德勒的经历使他认识到：许多人的能力比他们自己认为的要大，而他们之所以成功机会少是因为他们经常不知道如何运用自己的能力，是因为他们缺乏信心和决心，当然，这也就无异于缺乏能力。
A意为：人们没有自己认为的那样有能力。
C意为：知识的缺乏导向失败。
D意为：能力的缺乏导致了决心的缺乏。
Part IV Cloze Test
(C)this
this代词，“这，这个”，在本文中指代“亲吻表示爱情的方式”。
it也可用作代词，但在此指代不明确。
one用作代词，其意义是“一个(任何)人；本人；这一个(表示与别的对照)”：One has come, the others have not．“一个人来了，其他人还没来。”
itself是it的反身代词，不符合上下文的意思。
(D)expression
前文已有提示，亲吻作为表示爱情的方式。在此之前，亲吻表示尊重是世界上许多地区的风俗，因此，应选择D“expression”。
custom“习惯，风俗；惯例”，一般用作custom of sb．for sth.。
tradition “传统；传说”。
affection “爱情，爱”。
(B) kiss
根据上下文的文意，只能选B。
watch“观看”；touch“触摸”；greet“迎接，欢迎；向…致意”。
(B)earliest
该题只要弄清楚四个选项词的词义，很容易作出正确的选择。
earliest“早期的，早先的；古时的”。
latest“最近的，最新的；最迟的”；longest“最长的”；eldest“最老的，最年长的”。
另外，还可从搭配角度来考虑，这四个字只有earliest能和times“时代”搭配使用。
(D) as
as介词，“作为”。前文已有提示。of、in、for都不能与a form of…搭配。
(B) less
本题与72题属于同一种语法现象。英语中对于多音节形容词的比较级和最高级由more (less)或the most (the least)加原形构成。
原文中有一个信息句，即…allowed his important nobles to kiss…,but…and…。在罗马皇帝的眼中，其大臣是有等级的，因此，亲吻的方式也不同。
(D)least
(B)only
only“仅仅，只”。
too，also表示并列关系；ever副词，“永远，不断地，老是”。
(B)would
这是一个测试语法的题目。would表示过去将来时态。
(A) does
此处does代替上文出现的实义动词fondle。
(A) accept
accept…as… “接受…作为…”。
allow“允许，准许”，一般用作allow sb.to do sth.。
(C)case
case“情况，状况；事实，实情”。
history“历史”；event“事件”，指具体的事情；evidence“证据”。
这四个选项词义差别很大，只要熟悉四个选项的词义，容易作出正确的选择。
(D) practised
practised“实践，实行；进行”，如：practise medicine “行医”。
discovered“发现”，尤指本已客观存在，通过偶然机会或其他方式找到。
(A) city
由于下文有 in France“在法国”，所以C项country不对；B.tribe“部落”，也不适合，因为原文中有courtship(宫廷礼仪)一词，“部落”中是没有“宫廷礼仪”的；D.society一般不与first等序数词连用；因此，只有A.city是正确的。
(D) with
习惯用法。with 在此表示行为方式，“以…，带着”，如：respond with enthusiasm“热烈地响应”。又如：Handle with care!“小心轻放!”
without不符合上下文的文意。
(A) copy
copy“模仿；抄袭”，如： Never copy foreign things blindly or mechanically．“决不要盲目或机械地照搬外国的东西。”
spread“传播，散布”。
quote“引证，引述，复述”。
(D)classes
class是多义词。在文中的意思是“等级；种类”。除此之外，class还有“阶级；年级；班级；课”等含义。
其他三个选项government“政府”；countries“国家”；cities“城市”，习惯上不与upper搭配。
(B)one
本句的意思是得到沙皇的亲吻是得到皇家认可的最高形式之一。因此，其他各项都不合适。
(A)As
As表示时间，用作连词，“随着；当…的时候”。
Once连词，“一旦…就…”，表示条件，如：Once(that) the principle contradition is grasped，all problems will be readily solved.“一旦抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就迎刃而解。”
While作连词用时，其意义是“当…的时候，和…同时；然而，尽管，只要”。
Since连词，“从…以来；…以后；因为；鉴于”。
从语法结构角度来看，四个选项都可用作连词，再看Once,While,Since用作连词时，其意义不符合原文，故只能选As 。
(C) part
part“部分，一部分”。
bit“一点，一些”；some“一些”；any，“(无论)哪一个或一些”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。
根据原文的内容，亲吻是世界上很多地区举行正式仪式的一个部分，因此，应选择C。
Paper Two试卷二
Part I Error Detection and Correction
(D)错应改成that of any other state
题句是比较结构。在英语比较结构中，相对比的两种事物必须是同类的，这样才有可比性，也称作对称性。而题句却违反了这一原则，将the climate of Arizona与any other state相比，因此是缺乏逻辑的比较。改成 that of any other state 后，that 指代climate，相当于the climate of any other state，便符合语法逻辑了。对比成分是否对称是比较结构常考的内容，一旦句中出现比较级，就要分析一下是否属于同类比较，然后根据对比成分的单复数，选择正确的代词。再看一例： Despite (A) this similarity with other (B) creatures,the evolution of humankind differs from other species (C) in one (D) important and unique way．［1996年考题(C)错，应改成that of other species］
(D)错应改成(should) be called
suggest 接宾语从句时，从句中谓语动词应用“(should+)动词原形”表示虚拟语气，无论suggest是现在时、过去时还是完成时形式。
全句采用的是so…that…“如此…以致…”表示结果的结构，并将so提至句首，采用主谓部分倒装，相当于the influence of Thomas Paine on his own time was so great that John Adams suggested that…，因此A、B都没有错；on是influence要求的，意为：“对…的影响”，也是正确的。
(C)错应改成studying
句中eating in the dining-room,studying for his chemistry class, and doing his laundry是并列动名词短语，作hated的宾语。在英语并列结构中，并列成分应保持相同词性，相同词形，相同功能，否则便是错误的。题句三个并列宾语中应该都保持-ing形式，所以应将studied改成studying。B项中eating没有错，因为hate要求动名词而不是不定式作宾语；D也是对的，study for意为“为…而学习”，此处study为非及物动词，studying for chemistry class可译为“(不愿意)上化学课”。
关于并列结构，请参见1996年辨错改错题(10)。
(B)错应改成which
句子的主语是little，介词短语in spite of…dangerous proportion作状语，其中which引导非限定性定语从句修饰exploitation“开发利用”。作此题时，要首先分析出that…从语义上是对前面作附加说明，那么只有非限定性定语从句才具有这个功能；另外，从形式上看，that前面有逗号，恰好是非限定性定语从句的标志，而非限定性定语从句只能用which不能用that引导，这是that与which最基本的区别用法之一。如：Yesterday，Mary and Tom, accompanied (A) by some Chinese students, went to (B) the Summer Palace, that (C) is one of (D) the most famous scenic spots in Beijing．(C错，应改成which)
注意： which在非限定性定语从句中经常译成“那”，考生切不可从汉译出发而误认为用that是正确的，这也是命题人设置的圈套所在。
(B) 错应改成were
题句的主语是hundreds of billboards…bedspreads, were是谓语，on each side of the highway是表语，因为主语较长，为了使句子保持平衡，避免头重脚轻，采用倒装结构，将表语、谓语提到主语之前。但谓语应在数上与主语保持一致，故将was改成were。主谓一致方面错误的设置往往都是出现在倒装结构中，而且紧挨谓语的名词在数上往往都是误导，考生如分析不出哪个是主语，很容易分辨不出错误所在，改错就更无从谈起了。如： Just outside (A) the ruins were (B) a manificent (C) building surrounded by (D) tall trees．(B错，应改成 was)
(D)错应改成or
英语中有几组表示并列关系的连词，它们不是由单个词而是由几个词构成，如both…and…,either…or…,not only…but(also),neither…nor。它们用法的特点是：第一，必须成对出现，不能只用其一；第二，不能混用。题句就违反了第二点，即either…nor是错误的。第三，必须分别置于两个并列成分之前，如题句either…or分别置于表语之前。1996年又重复考了这对连词。Failure to advertise could (A) result in either reduced (B) sales and less (C) profit nor (D) legal actions．(D错，应改成or)
(A)错应改成Annoyed
annoyed是过去分词，与现在分词annoying的区别是前者表示被动，后者表示主动。作状语时分词的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，那么选用现在分词还是过去分词，就要看与句子主语的关系是被动还是主动。动词annoy的意思是“使…烦恼”，在题句中即“使shopper烦恼”，而不是“shopper使他人烦恼”，shopper是受动，不是施动，所以annoy与shopper是被动关系，应用过去分词。全句大意为：“长长的排队交款使买东西的人心烦，他开始大声叹息、顿脚、看表。”又如： Seeing (A) from the moon (B) , our earth looks (C) like a big bright disk (D) ．［A错，应改成seen，因为是人们从月球上看地球，地球(是人们)看上去像…］
(B)错应改成really
real是形容词，形容词不能修饰形容词，只能是副词修饰形容词，这是副词的语法功能之一，所以应将 real改成really。
(C)错应改成suspicious of
suspicious of… 是固定搭配，意为“对…有疑心”。题句中并列连词both…and…连接两个形容词短语suspicious of和interested in , his neighbours 是of和in的介词宾语，即 …both suspicious of his neighbors and interested in his neighbors，因为两个介词的宾语完全相同，故将前一个省略。省略的基本原则是省略相同词语，但句中suspicious和interested 要求接不同的介词，所以of省去是错误的。
又如： Allen has stated (A) that he has always had (B) a great interest (C) and admiration for (D) the work of the British economist Keyens．(C错，应改成a great interest in)
(D)错应改成 being challenged
做此题的关键是要掌握动词enjoy只能接动名词，不能接不定式作宾语。从语义上看，句子表达的是“她喜欢受到挑战”，所以要用被动式。
只能接动名词作宾语的动词还有：acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, fancy, favour, finish, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, stand, escape。
Part II Translation
参考译文：
In our times, anyone who wants to play as important a role as he expects must receive necessary education． With the advancement of science and technology,increasingly more courses are offered nowadays even in primary schools and high schools． Modern education, compared with education in the past, places more emphasis on its practicality．
解析：
“任何人想…必须接受必要的教育”一句可处理成主从复合句，“想要在社会上起到所希望起的作用”在原文是条件句，表示假设条件，英译时，可根据句意和英文表达习惯，将此句译成定语从句：anyone who wants to …must receive necessary education，而定语从句当中又包含一个比较状语成分 as important a role as he expects。“随着科技的进步”在句中是伴随状语，可译为with the advancement of science and technology；除advancement(意为：进步、发展、进展)外，此处还可选用 progress 或development等词。“中小学”在英文里可译为 primary school (或 elementary school) and high school。“越来越多”，除了可译成大家熟知的短语more and more之外，另一译法是increasingly more。“课程”指courses，注意不要与lessons混淆，前者指学校教学开设的科目、课型，如： What courses are you taking this semester?“你这学期选什么课了?”而后者在这里则指具体的一堂或几堂课，如：Afternoon lessons begin at 2 o'clock.“下午的课2点开始。”“开设”可译为 open 、offer 。“与过去的教育相比”译为分词短语compared with education in the past，“过去的”还可译为 conventional，表示“旧的，传统的”，如 a conventional design of carpet，意为“老式的地毯设计”；“实用方面”可直译为 its practical aspect或 pracaticality。
Part III Guided Writing
Sample 1 (14 Points)
Since May 1 1995,a five-day week has been put into practice in China, which has received a warm welcome from the majority of people because it has brought about many advantages to the society , families as well as individuals．
With people doing the same amount of work in less time , a five-day week can improve the working efficiency which, in the long run, will better the quality of people's life． Furthermore, the application of a five-day week may also provide more opportunities for employment． A two-day weekend can promote the development of service indutries such as commerce, tourism and so on． Therefore, it will be benifial to the stability and advancement of our society．
Besides,a shorter work week and a longer weekend can enable family members to have enough time being together ,either outdoors or indoors, rendering chances for a better understanding between couples or different generations．
Moreover, as for individuals ,they can make full use of a five-day week and a two-day holiday． As a saying goes:No rest, no work． From a two-day adequate rest, most can work more diligently and efficiently． In a word, a five-day week meets the need of a rapid rythem of modern life and will contribute a lot to the social advancement．
评语：
内容切题，即五天工作制的好处。文章层次清楚，逻辑性强。文字连贯，句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。第三段与第四段分别使用过渡词Besides, Moreover，使上下文十分连贯，突出了五天工作制的几方面的好处。
Sample 2 (11 points)
A five-day week started to be carried out on May 1 1995 in our country． It has brought about many advantages since then．
First , families can get benifits from it． On weekends parents can take their children to park, musiums．Children will be able to learn much usefull knowledge． Besides, housewives have enough time to do housework ,shopping and relax themselves．
Second, it can encourage individuals to do their best to finish their work during five days． After two days rest, each will be in high spirit．
At the same time, the society is benifited ． The social property increase with the increasing of peoples'creation.So the rate of social productivity will be improved．
So the rule of a five-day week is necessary for the society, families and individuals． We should put it into full use and work hard in five week days and enjoy ourselves on weekends．
评语：
内容切题。表达基本清楚，文字基本连贯，句式有一定变化。用词基本正确。有一句有明显错误：relax应改为relaxing。还有park应加s,increase应为第三人称单数。creation意为创造，此处应为creativity创造力。
Sample 3 (8 points)
As we all know, we have a five-day week since May 1 1995.Everyone wonders it brings us．
We carry out the new rule of five-day week is suitable for the situation of our society ． One has finish his work in five day instead of six days． It can increease the efficiency．People go to the markets,the parks and some other places , in the two days． It makes economy to thrive．
The whole family can stay together for two days． They think of many way to have good time ． A five day week brings a great joy to family．
Everyone benifits from a five day week ． You have more time that be controlled by youself ． You can use the two-free-day to do what you want ． You can go out for a shorter trip． In words if you can make advantages of it ,you will learn a lot ． We should make our society more brighter and beautiful．
评语：
内容基本切题，全文围绕实施五天工作制的好处来写。表达基本清楚，但语言错误较多，有些属于严重错误，如第二段第一句中有两个谓语动词carry out,is；本段第二句has finish应改为finishes，删去has ；本段最后一句thrive前删去to,make后跟不带to的不定式。另外，由于用词面比较窄，一些句子表达得不够清楚。make advantages of 是错误搭配，应为take advantage of意为利用。
Sample 4 (5 points)
Nowaday people has five days for work．It take into action widly in the country,great advantages have come into views．
The five-day week benefit sociaty． first it can made work more effective ． Second ,it can provi more to people．It let people more time ． In this way it can producing more．
As for family , the five day week let familyhave more time to enjoy together.By and lage, the five day week is benifitful to person , family and sociel．
评语：
内容基本切题，意思尚可理解，但结构、用词、单复数等语言错误很多，字数不够。
Sample 5 (2 points)
A five day syten carryedout May 1 1995．That people only need work five day other no work ． It took adantag．
Why that? Frst it light works , freed two day, a good mood． Work an entrtan are two side ．Only when the two side people out heats．
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