a 湍流模型不完备。近年来,美国学者Q.Chen等提出了新的零方程模型,主要用于计算室内气流计算,其可信度及适用范围值得考核;日本学者Murakami[31]等考虑了室外气流模拟时标准k-ε模型的不足及其改进方案,但局限性依然存在;当室内气流受温差影响较大时,必须对湍流模型进行修正,Markatos等人早在20世纪八十年代初就已开始研究,但结果及适用范围仍不尽人意。
b 壁面边界的处理没有规范。采用湍流模型的最大问题之一是壁面附近层流粘性支层及过渡区的处理,目前通行的做法是在壁面附近添加大量的网格,采用低雷数湍流模型,使模型由固壁表面一直用到湍流核心,但耗费的计算时间是显而易见的;若采用不断尝试各种壁面网格间距的办法,便使得计算过程及实践变得复杂,且引入了人的主观因素;另外,过去应用较多的壁面函数法,大量的经验常数已经使人们怀疑它的生命力。
c 辐射模型及计算方法亟待改进。从散见的国际传热及流体杂志,可以发现近些年来,科研及工程技术人员对辐射现象及其计算愈加重视,但是考虑复杂几何形体的空间辐射计算,却很少见,尤其是考虑室外太阳辐射得热的流体流动及传热计算。国际领域盛行的Montle-Carlo法或DOM法不仅限于解决小型空间的辐射,并且计算的收敛性能也待改进。
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