Development of SBR Process in Removing Nitrogen and Phosphorus
tract:The phenomena of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification,and nitrite denitrification in SBR was summarized. The factors such as carbon source,competition of PAOS and non-PAOS,pH,aeration,sludge age and hydraulic residence time which affect phosphorus removal of SBR were discussed.The interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus removal was also aoached.Finally,an operation way of SBR to simultaneously remove nitrogen and phosphorus was suggested.
Key words:SBR;nitrogen and phosphorus removal;EBPR
传统的脱氮理论认为,硝化与反硝化反应不能同时发生,硝化反应在好氧条件下进行,而反硝化反应在缺氧条件下完成,SBR工艺的序批式运行为这样的反应条件创造了良好的环境;但是,最近几年国内外有不少试验和报道证明SBR系统中存在同步硝化反硝化现象(Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification,简称SND)。 李锋[1]等人认为,反应器内进行同时硝化/反硝化的必要条件是好氧和缺氧环境同时存在,所以应该控制DO一般在0.5~1.5mg/L这样一个较低的水平;他们引用的数据表明,采用SBR反应器,控制其中的DO在0.5~1mg/L,在反应器中形成(缺氧)和好氧并存的环境,可以实现同时硝化/反硝化的过程。 但是Hong W Zhao[2]、Lesley[3]等人的研究证明,许多异养微生物能够对有机及无机含氮化合物进行硝化作用,当BOD5与N的质量比大于6.9时异养硝化菌对氨的氧化会起很大的作用。李丛娜[4]等人在控制SBR反应器保持良好的好氧状态(DO>8mg/L),MLSS较低的情况下,对此进行了研究,他们发现,在每一工作周期的前期,硝化反应的进行使氨氮比较彻底地转化为硝酸盐氮,氨氮浓度逐渐降低同时总氮浓度也逐渐降低。并由此得出结论:在这一阶段既发生了好氧硝化也发生了好氧反硝化(即同步硝化反硝化)从而导致了比较可观的总氮去除率,并推断活性污泥絮体中同时存在着异养硝化菌与好氧反硝化菌。 此外,还有学者提出了亚硝酸型生物脱氮技术[5-6],认为亚硝酸型生物脱氮技术具有降低能耗、节省碳源、减少污泥生成量、反应器容积小及占地面积省等优点;这种技术的核心是将硝化过程控制在亚硝酸阶段,随后进行反硝化。Sung-Keun Rhee[7]等人利用SBR反应器对此进行了研究。他们的结果表明,当系统中氨氮的浓度成为限制硝化细菌将亚硝酸盐氮氧化为硝酸盐氮的时候,自养型硝化菌的活性就受到了抑制,从而出现了亚硝酸盐的积累;在后续的缺氧段中,所有的积累的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐都能够得到反硝化而完全去除,系统对总氮的去除率在85%左右。
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